Writing System: Scottish Gaelic uses the Latin alphabet with diacritical marks (accents) to indicate pronunciation nuances. It consists of 18 letters, including digraphs like bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, and th.
Grammar: Scottish Gaelic grammar is characterized by initial consonant mutations (lenition and eclipsis) that mark grammatical relationships such as possession, definiteness, and prepositional phrases. It follows a Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) word order.
Phonology: Scottish Gaelic has a rich phonemic inventory, including consonants such as /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ, m, n, ŋ, f, v, s, h, r, l, ɬ, ʃ, x/ and vowels /i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u/. It is notable for its use of broad and slender vowels and distinctive phonological features such as palatalization and aspiration.
Lexicon: The Scottish Gaelic lexicon includes words of Celtic origin as well as loanwords from Latin, Norse, Old English, and Scots due to historical contact and cultural exchanges. Modern Scottish Gaelic continues to adapt with borrowings from English and other languages.
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